#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ net_alerter.py — Alert on new devices joining the local network. Runs via cron, sends Matrix messages when unknown MACs appear. """ import json import os import re import socket import sqlite3 import subprocess import sys import urllib.parse import urllib.request from datetime import datetime from pathlib import Path # --- Config (overridable via env) --- MATRIX_HOMESERVER = os.getenv("MATRIX_HOMESERVER", "https://m.example.org") MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN = os.getenv("MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN", "") MATRIX_ROOM_ID = os.getenv("MATRIX_ROOM_ID", "!REDACTED:example.org") MATRIX_USER = os.getenv("MATRIX_USER", "") MATRIX_PASSWORD = os.getenv("MATRIX_PASSWORD", "") DB_PATH = Path(os.getenv("NET_ALERTER_DB", "/opt/net_alerter/devices.db")) ENV_PATH = Path(os.getenv("NET_ALERTER_ENV", "/opt/net_alerter/.env")) def get_db() -> sqlite3.Connection: DB_PATH.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH) conn.execute(""" CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS devices ( mac TEXT PRIMARY KEY, ip TEXT, name TEXT, first_seen TEXT, last_seen TEXT ) """) conn.commit() return conn def refresh_token() -> str: if not MATRIX_USER or not MATRIX_PASSWORD: print("[error] Cannot refresh token: MATRIX_USER/MATRIX_PASSWORD not set", file=sys.stderr) return "" payload = json.dumps({ "type": "m.login.password", "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": MATRIX_USER}, "password": MATRIX_PASSWORD, "initial_device_display_name": "net-alerter", }).encode() req = urllib.request.Request( f"{MATRIX_HOMESERVER}/_matrix/client/v3/login", data=payload, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}, method="POST", ) try: with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10) as r: data = json.loads(r.read()) token = data.get("access_token", "") if token and ENV_PATH.exists(): lines = ENV_PATH.read_text().splitlines() lines = [l if not l.startswith("MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN=") else f"MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN={token}" for l in lines] ENV_PATH.write_text("\n".join(lines) + "\n") return token except Exception as e: print(f"[error] Token refresh failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr) return "" def _do_send(token: str, msg: str) -> int: url = ( f"{MATRIX_HOMESERVER}/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/" f"{urllib.parse.quote(MATRIX_ROOM_ID, safe='')}/send/m.room.message" ) payload = json.dumps({"msgtype": "m.text", "body": msg}).encode() req = urllib.request.Request( url, data=payload, headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}, method="POST", ) try: urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10) return 200 except urllib.error.HTTPError as e: return e.code except Exception as e: print(f"[error] Matrix send failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr) return 0 def send_matrix_alert(msg: str) -> None: global MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN if not MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN: print(f"[warn] No MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN set, skipping alert", file=sys.stderr) return code = _do_send(MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN, msg) if code in (401, 403): print("[info] Token expired, refreshing...", file=sys.stderr) new_token = refresh_token() if new_token: MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN = new_token _do_send(MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN, msg) else: print("[error] Could not refresh token, alert dropped", file=sys.stderr) def get_local_subnets() -> list[str]: try: out = subprocess.check_output(["ip", "-o", "-4", "addr", "show"], text=True) except Exception: return [] subnets = [] for line in out.splitlines(): parts = line.split() if len(parts) < 4: continue iface = parts[1] cidr = parts[3] if any(iface.startswith(p) for p in ("lo", "tailscale", "wg", "tun", "docker", "br-")): continue subnets.append(cidr) return subnets def scan_subnet(cidr: str) -> list[dict]: try: out = subprocess.check_output( ["sudo", "nmap", "-sn", "-PR", "--host-timeout", "5s", cidr], text=True, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL ) except Exception: return [] devices = [] current = {} for line in out.splitlines(): if line.startswith("Nmap scan report for"): if current.get("mac"): devices.append(current) m = re.search(r"for (.+?)(?:\s+\((.+?)\))?$", line) if m: if m.group(2): current = {"name": m.group(1), "ip": m.group(2), "mac": ""} else: current = {"name": "", "ip": m.group(1), "mac": ""} elif "MAC Address:" in line: m = re.search(r"MAC Address: ([0-9A-F:]{17})", line) if m: current["mac"] = m.group(1).lower() if current.get("mac"): devices.append(current) return devices def run() -> None: conn = get_db() now = datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ") hostname = socket.gethostname() subnets = get_local_subnets() if not subnets: print("[warn] No local subnets found", file=sys.stderr) return new_devices = [] for cidr in subnets: devices = scan_subnet(cidr) for d in devices: mac = d["mac"] row = conn.execute("SELECT mac FROM devices WHERE mac=?", (mac,)).fetchone() if row is None: conn.execute( "INSERT INTO devices (mac, ip, name, first_seen, last_seen) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", (mac, d["ip"], d["name"], now, now), ) new_devices.append(d) else: conn.execute( "UPDATE devices SET ip=?, name=?, last_seen=? WHERE mac=?", (d["ip"], d["name"], now, mac), ) conn.commit() conn.close() for d in new_devices: label = d["name"] if d["name"] else "unknown" msg = ( f"[{hostname}] NEW DEVICE\n" f" IP: {d['ip']}\n" f" MAC: {d['mac']}\n" f" Name: {label}\n" f" Time: {now}" ) print(msg) send_matrix_alert(msg) if __name__ == "__main__": run()