docs: netfilter_xtcompat (CVE-2021-22555) — empirical note on primitive difficulty

Attempted the most tractable kernel primitive to gauge the frontier. Kernel
confirmed vulnerable (focal GA 5.4.0-26 and a provisioned mainline 5.8.0, both
pre the 5.4.0-77/5.8.0-53 fix). But Andy Nguyen's well-regarded single-file
public exploit consistently fails at STAGE 1 ("could not corrupt any primary
message") on both — it is tuned for Ubuntu's exact 5.8.0-48-generic slab config
(freelist randomisation / memcg kmem accounting / SLUB merge), which mainline
kernels don't match, and Ubuntu's EOL 5.8.0-48 HWE debs aren't readily
sourceable. Recorded in docs/EXPLOITED.md: kernel primitives are
config-and-version-specific exploit-dev — even a reference exploit needs its
exact target kernel image + per-target tuning + a full port, a per-primitive
multi-session effort. No code change; documentation of the empirical result.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_0118iUgHY44hdRtANgyCmu7y

docs/VERIFICATIONS.jsonl

@@ -57,3 +57,4 @@
 {"module":"dirty_pipe","verified_at":"2026-07-24T02:49:00Z","host_kernel":"5.16.0-051600-generic (mainline, pre-5.16.11 fix)","host_distro":"Ubuntu 22.04 userspace","vm_box":"jammy-cloudimg + mainline 5.16.0/qemu-kvm","verified_kind":"exploit","exploit_result":"EXPLOIT_OK","root_witness":"out-of-band: skeletonkey --exploit dirty_pipe (uid 1000) planted root-owned proof + -rwsr-xr-x root:root setuid bash; /etc/passwd left byte-identical (root:x:0:0) after revert. Fixed 3 bugs: false EXPLOIT_OK, wrong escalation (was flipping own UID + su self), and drop_caches revert that corrupted running passwd. New technique: root passwd-field hash + su over pty + Dirty-Pipe revert.","status":"working"}
 {"module":"dirty_cow","verified_at":"2026-07-24T03:22:00Z","host_kernel":"4.8.0-040800-generic (mainline, pre-4.8.3 Dirty COW fix)","host_distro":"Ubuntu 16.04.7","vm_box":"xenial-cloudimg + mainline 4.8.0/qemu-kvm","verified_kind":"exploit_standalone","exploit_result":"EXPLOIT_OK","root_witness":"out-of-band on a genuinely Dirty-COW-vulnerable kernel: standalone binary built from the module verbatim (dirty_cow_write primitive + find_pw_field_offset + robust poll/timeout dc_su_root_run + exploit body) — race won, su root via pty, planted root-owned proof + -rwsr-xr-x root:root setuid bash, /etc/passwd byte-identical after revert. Confirms the fix (correct escalation, OOB verify, safe revert, readback[512], robust su) lands real root end-to-end. Full skeletonkey binary would not build on xenials 4.4-era uapi headers (unrelated nft_* modern constants).","status":"working"}
 {"module":"overlayfs","verified_at":"2026-07-24T03:36:00Z","host_kernel":"5.4.0-26-generic","host_distro":"Ubuntu 20.04.0","vm_box":"focal-cloudimg/qemu-kvm","verified_kind":"exploit","exploit_result":"EXPLOIT_OK","root_witness":"out-of-band: skeletonkey --exploit overlayfs (uid 1000) — the cap_setuid payload now drops a root-owned proof + -rwsr-xr-x root:root setuid bash; module reports OK only after stat() confirms uid==0. Upgraded from getxattr proxy to direct witness.","status":"working"}
+{"module":"netfilter_xtcompat","verified_at":"2026-07-24T04:00:00Z","host_kernel":"5.4.0-26-generic + mainline 5.8.0","host_distro":"Ubuntu 20.04.0","vm_box":"focal-cloudimg (+mainline 5.8.0)/qemu-kvm","verified_kind":"reference_poc_attempt","exploit_result":"REFERENCE_POC_TARGET_MISMATCH","root_witness":"none. CVE-2021-22555 kernel confirmed vulnerable (5.4.0-26 and mainline 5.8.0, both pre-fix). Andy Nguyen public exploit consistently fails STAGE 1 (could not corrupt any primary message) on both mainline kernels — it is tuned for Ubuntu 5.8.0-48-generics exact slab config (freelist-random/memcg). Confirms primitives need exact-target kernel+config + per-target tuning, not drop-in.","status":"primitive_needs_exact_target_kernel"}