v0.1.4 — Citizen.com as 5th detection source

Waze remains gated behind 2025/2026 reCAPTCHA on live-map; added Citizen
as a working alternative for police-presence signal. Citizen pulls from
911 + scanner traffic, returns rich incident data (lat/lon, timestamp,
severity level, responding precinct, title), and has no auth or
rate-limit gating.

New scan/CitizenClient.kt:
  - GET /api/incident/trending (bbox query → list of incident ids)
  - GET /api/incident/{id}      (full detail per id)
  - Sealed TrendingResult so the scanner can surface 4xx via SourceHealth.

New scan/CitizenScanner.kt:
  - 60s poll interval, 30-min freshness window
  - Per-id detail cache for the lifetime of a start/stop cycle —
    incidents are immutable, so each is fetched at most once per session
  - Title regex filter: drops pure fire/medical events that don't imply
    police presence; retains them when the title also names police action
  - Submits to the shared DetectionStore as DetectionSource.CITIZEN

ConfidenceEngine.scoreCitizen:
  - Base 55 (matches the old W_WAZE_POLICE weight)
  - +5 if level >= 2 (Citizen's own severity)
  - +5 if title contains police-action keyword (police/officer/arrest/
    swat/tactical/raid/pursuit/stop/search warrant)

Settings: new citizenEnabled toggle (default on); UI row in
SettingsScreen. SourceHealth has a new flow for CITIZEN. DetectionService
starts the scanner alongside the others when location is available.

Continued investigation of Waze / Google Maps police APIs:
  - Waze SDK (hewliyang/waze-traffic-api): wraps the same blocked endpoint
  - ddd/google_maps reverse-engineering: locations only, no incidents
  - Google Maps Platform: no public incidents API (just displays Waze data internally)
  - TomTom Traffic Incidents: traffic-only, no police presence
  - Waze for Cities partner feed: real but requires being a city/police agency

versionCode 4 → 5, versionName 0.1.3 → 0.1.4.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ camera, or police presence near you.
 |---|---|---|
 | **BLE** | Bluetooth-LE advertisements: vendor MAC OUIs (Axon, Flock Penguin / Raven, XUNTONG mfg id `0x09C8`, "TN" serial pattern), Raven service UUIDs, device-name patterns | Local radio scan (BLE callback API) |
 | **WiFi** | BSSID OUI prefixes for Flock infrastructure (31-prefix superset), `Flock-XXXX` and other generic SSID patterns | `WifiManager.getScanResults()` polled every 35 s (just under the Android 11+ 4-scans/2-min throttle) |
-| **DEFLOCK** | Crowdsourced ALPR locations within configurable proximity (default 200 m) | Public CDN tile fetch from `cdn.deflock.me`, 24h on-disk cache |
+| **DEFLOCK** | Crowdsourced ALPR locations within configurable proximity (default 200 m) | POST to Overpass API (`overpass.deflock.org` → fallback `overpass-api.de`) for `man_made=surveillance + surveillance:type=ALPR` in a 5 km bbox; 24 h on-disk cache by 0.05° grid cell. Refetches when the user moves > 1.5 km from the last fetch center. |
-| **WAZE** | Live `POLICE` reports within configurable proximity (default 500 m) and < 10 min old | `live-map/api/georss` polled every 60 s with a small bbox around the user |
+| **WAZE** | Live `POLICE` reports within configurable proximity (default 500 m) and < 10 min old | `live-map/api/georss` polled every 60 s with a small bbox around the user. **Note:** Waze added reCAPTCHA gating to this endpoint in 2025/2026; mobile clients now receive HTTP 403. Source stays wired and surfaces the failure in the drill-down sheet so it's never silently empty. |
+| **CITIZEN** | Real-time public-safety incidents (police-relevant only — fire/medical-only events filtered out) within configurable proximity, < 30 min old | `citizen.com/api/incident/trending` (bbox) polled every 60 s, then per-incident detail via `/api/incident/{id}` with an in-memory cache so each incident is fetched once per session. Pulled in to replace Waze's coverage gap. |
 
 Every observation is scored 0-100 by `ConfidenceEngine`. The on-screen tier is
 the maximum live score across all sources:

app/build.gradle.kts

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ android {
         applicationId = "org.soulstone.overwatch"
         minSdk = 26
         targetSdk = 35
-        versionCode = 3
+        versionCode = 5
-        versionName = "0.1.2"
+        versionName = "0.1.4"
     }
 
     buildTypes {

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/data/settings/Settings.kt

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ class Settings private constructor(private val prefs: SharedPreferences) {
     private val _wazeEnabled = MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean(KEY_WAZE, true))
     val wazeEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _wazeEnabled.asStateFlow()
 
+    private val _citizenEnabled = MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean(KEY_CITIZEN, true))
+    val citizenEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _citizenEnabled.asStateFlow()
+
     private val _deflockProximityM = MutableStateFlow(
         prefs.getInt(KEY_DEFLOCK_PROX, DEFAULT_DEFLOCK_PROX)
     )
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ class Settings private constructor(private val prefs: SharedPreferences) {
     fun setWifiEnabled(v: Boolean) { prefs.edit { putBoolean(KEY_WIFI, v) }; _wifiEnabled.value = v }
     fun setDeflockEnabled(v: Boolean) { prefs.edit { putBoolean(KEY_DEFLOCK, v) }; _deflockEnabled.value = v }
     fun setWazeEnabled(v: Boolean) { prefs.edit { putBoolean(KEY_WAZE, v) }; _wazeEnabled.value = v }
+    fun setCitizenEnabled(v: Boolean) { prefs.edit { putBoolean(KEY_CITIZEN, v) }; _citizenEnabled.value = v }
 
     fun setDeflockProximityM(v: Int) {
         val clamped = v.coerceIn(50, 1600)
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ class Settings private constructor(private val prefs: SharedPreferences) {
         private const val KEY_WIFI = "src_wifi"
         private const val KEY_DEFLOCK = "src_deflock"
         private const val KEY_WAZE = "src_waze"
+        private const val KEY_CITIZEN = "src_citizen"
         private const val KEY_DEFLOCK_PROX = "deflock_proximity_m"
         private const val KEY_WAZE_PROX = "waze_proximity_m"
         private const val KEY_THEME = "theme_mode"

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/fusion/ConfidenceEngine.kt

@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ object ConfidenceEngine {
     const val W_DEFLOCK_VERY_NEAR = 85 // <= 50m
     const val W_WAZE_POLICE = 55
 
+    // Citizen (added when Waze went dark)
+    const val W_CITIZEN_INCIDENT = 55
+    const val B_CITIZEN_LEVEL_BUMP = 5     // level >= 2
+    const val B_CITIZEN_POLICE_TITLE = 5   // title contains a police-action keyword
+
     // Bonuses
     const val B_MULTI_METHOD = 20
     const val B_STRONG_RSSI = 10   // > -50 dBm
@@ -71,6 +76,18 @@ object ConfidenceEngine {
         val subtype: String?
     )
 
+    /** A Citizen incident observed within proximity + freshness, after the
+     *  fire/medical filter is applied. */
+    data class CitizenObservation(
+        val incidentId: String,
+        val distanceMeters: Float,
+        val ageMs: Long,
+        val level: Int,             // 0-5 severity (Citizen's own scale)
+        val title: String,
+        val isPoliceTitled: Boolean,
+        val precinct: String?
+    )
+
     data class Scored(
         val score: Int,
         val methods: String,
@@ -185,6 +202,24 @@ object ConfidenceEngine {
         return Scored(score, methods, label, isAxon = false)
     }
 
+    fun scoreCitizen(obs: CitizenObservation): Scored {
+        var score = W_CITIZEN_INCIDENT
+        val tags = StringBuilder("citizen ")
+        if (obs.level >= 2) {
+            score += B_CITIZEN_LEVEL_BUMP
+            tags.append("L${obs.level} ")
+        }
+        if (obs.isPoliceTitled) {
+            score += B_CITIZEN_POLICE_TITLE
+            tags.append("police_title ")
+        }
+        if (!obs.precinct.isNullOrBlank()) tags.append("precinct=${obs.precinct} ")
+        score = score.coerceAtMost(100)
+        val ageMin = (obs.ageMs / 60_000L).toInt()
+        val label = "${obs.title} @ ${obs.distanceMeters.toInt()}m, ${ageMin}min ago"
+        return Scored(score, tags.toString().trim(), label, isAxon = false)
+    }
+
     fun scoreDeflock(obs: DeflockObservation): Scored {
         val score = if (obs.distanceMeters <= 50f) W_DEFLOCK_VERY_NEAR else W_DEFLOCK_NEAR
         val rangeTag = if (obs.distanceMeters <= 50f) "deflock<=50m" else "deflock<=200m"

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/fusion/SourceHealth.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion
+
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
+
+/**
+ * Per-source upstream-health registry.
+ *
+ * Network sources (DEFLOCK, WAZE) record OK/FAILED so the UI can distinguish
+ * "scanned, found nothing" from "couldn't reach the data source." BLE/WIFI
+ * are radio-only and don't currently report; they default to UNKNOWN, which
+ * the UI treats the same as OK.
+ */
+object SourceHealth {
+
+    enum class Status { UNKNOWN, OK, FAILED }
+
+    data class Health(
+        val status: Status = Status.UNKNOWN,
+        val lastFetchMs: Long = 0L,
+        /** Short reason shown in the UI when status = FAILED. */
+        val message: String? = null
+    )
+
+    private val _ble = MutableStateFlow(Health())
+    private val _wifi = MutableStateFlow(Health())
+    private val _deflock = MutableStateFlow(Health())
+    private val _waze = MutableStateFlow(Health())
+    private val _citizen = MutableStateFlow(Health())
+
+    val ble: StateFlow<Health> = _ble.asStateFlow()
+    val wifi: StateFlow<Health> = _wifi.asStateFlow()
+    val deflock: StateFlow<Health> = _deflock.asStateFlow()
+    val waze: StateFlow<Health> = _waze.asStateFlow()
+    val citizen: StateFlow<Health> = _citizen.asStateFlow()
+
+    fun flowFor(source: DetectionSource): StateFlow<Health> = when (source) {
+        DetectionSource.BLE -> ble
+        DetectionSource.WIFI -> wifi
+        DetectionSource.DEFLOCK -> deflock
+        DetectionSource.WAZE -> waze
+        DetectionSource.CITIZEN -> citizen
+    }
+
+    fun record(source: DetectionSource, ok: Boolean, message: String? = null) {
+        val target = when (source) {
+            DetectionSource.BLE -> _ble
+            DetectionSource.WIFI -> _wifi
+            DetectionSource.DEFLOCK -> _deflock
+            DetectionSource.WAZE -> _waze
+            DetectionSource.CITIZEN -> _citizen
+        }
+        target.value = Health(
+            status = if (ok) Status.OK else Status.FAILED,
+            lastFetchMs = System.currentTimeMillis(),
+            message = message
+        )
+    }
+
+    fun reset() {
+        _ble.value = Health()
+        _wifi.value = Health()
+        _deflock.value = Health()
+        _waze.value = Health()
+        _citizen.value = Health()
+    }
+}

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/fusion/ThreatLevel.kt

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ enum class ThreatLevel(val minScore: Int) {
 }
 
 /** Logical signal channel — used in the drill-down UI. */
-enum class DetectionSource { BLE, WIFI, DEFLOCK, WAZE }
+enum class DetectionSource { BLE, WIFI, DEFLOCK, WAZE, CITIZEN }

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/scan/CitizenClient.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package org.soulstone.overwatch.scan
+
+import android.util.Log
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection
+import java.net.URL
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import org.json.JSONObject
+
+/**
+ * Public Citizen.com endpoints (verified 2026-04-29):
+ *
+ *  GET /api/incident/trending?lowerLatitude=&upperLatitude=&lowerLongitude=&upperLongitude=&limit=20
+ *      → { "results": ["<incidentId>", ...] }
+ *
+ *  GET /api/incident/{id}
+ *      → { "title", "level", "ll": [lat, lon], "ts" (ms), "police", "raw", ... }
+ *
+ * No auth, no rate-limit headers observed. Be a good citizen (heh) — only fetch
+ * detail for IDs we haven't already seen.
+ */
+class CitizenClient {
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val TAG = "CitizenClient"
+        private const val BASE = "https://citizen.com/api/incident"
+        private const val USER_AGENT =
+            "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 14) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) " +
+                "Chrome/121.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36"
+        private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000
+
+        /** Bounding-box half-width in degrees — ~5.5 km N-S, varies E-W. */
+        private const val BBOX_HALF_DEG = 0.05
+        private const val LIMIT = 30
+    }
+
+    data class Incident(
+        val id: String,
+        val title: String,
+        val level: Int,
+        val lat: Double,
+        val lon: Double,
+        val pubMillis: Long,
+        val precinct: String?
+    )
+
+    sealed class TrendingResult {
+        data class Success(val ids: List<String>) : TrendingResult()
+        data class Failed(val reason: String) : TrendingResult()
+    }
+
+    suspend fun trendingNear(lat: Double, lon: Double): TrendingResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val top = lat + BBOX_HALF_DEG
+        val bottom = lat - BBOX_HALF_DEG
+        val left = lon - BBOX_HALF_DEG
+        val right = lon + BBOX_HALF_DEG
+        val url = URL(
+            "$BASE/trending?lowerLatitude=$bottom&upperLatitude=$top" +
+                "&lowerLongitude=$left&upperLongitude=$right&limit=$LIMIT"
+        )
+        when (val raw = httpGetJson(url)) {
+            is RawResult.Success -> {
+                try {
+                    val arr = JSONObject(raw.body).optJSONArray("results")
+                        ?: return@withContext TrendingResult.Success(emptyList())
+                    val out = ArrayList<String>(arr.length())
+                    for (i in 0 until arr.length()) arr.optString(i)?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }?.let(out::add)
+                    TrendingResult.Success(out)
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    TrendingResult.Failed("parse: ${e.message}")
+                }
+            }
+            is RawResult.Failed -> TrendingResult.Failed(raw.reason)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Returns null on any failure (parse, network, missing fields). */
+    suspend fun fetchIncident(id: String): Incident? = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val url = URL("$BASE/$id")
+        val body = (httpGetJson(url) as? RawResult.Success)?.body ?: return@withContext null
+        try {
+            val o = JSONObject(body)
+            val ll = o.optJSONArray("ll")
+            val lat = ll?.optDouble(0) ?: o.optDouble("latitude")
+            val lon = ll?.optDouble(1) ?: o.optDouble("longitude")
+            if (lat.isNaN() || lon.isNaN()) return@withContext null
+            Incident(
+                id = id,
+                title = o.optString("title").ifBlank { "Citizen incident" },
+                level = o.optInt("level", 0),
+                lat = lat,
+                lon = lon,
+                pubMillis = o.optLong("ts", System.currentTimeMillis()),
+                precinct = o.optString("police").ifBlank { null }
+            )
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to parse Citizen incident $id: ${e.message}")
+            null
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class RawResult {
+        data class Success(val body: String) : RawResult()
+        data class Failed(val reason: String) : RawResult()
+    }
+
+    private fun httpGetJson(url: URL): RawResult {
+        val conn = (url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection).apply {
+            connectTimeout = TIMEOUT_MS
+            readTimeout = TIMEOUT_MS
+            requestMethod = "GET"
+            setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT)
+            setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json,*/*")
+        }
+        return try {
+            val code = conn.responseCode
+            if (code in 200..299) {
+                RawResult.Success(conn.inputStream.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() })
+            } else {
+                Log.w(TAG, "$url returned $code")
+                RawResult.Failed("HTTP $code")
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "$url failed: ${e.message}")
+            RawResult.Failed(e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName)
+        } finally {
+            conn.disconnect()
+        }
+    }
+}

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/scan/CitizenScanner.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package org.soulstone.overwatch.scan
+
+import android.location.Location
+import android.util.Log
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.data.location.LocationProvider
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.ConfidenceEngine
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionEvent
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionSource
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionStore
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.SourceHealth
+
+/**
+ * Polls Citizen.com for nearby active incidents, filters out pure fire/medical
+ * (no police presence implied), and submits a detection event for each
+ * remaining incident inside [proximityMeters] and younger than [MAX_AGE_MS].
+ *
+ * Detail responses are cached in-memory by incident id for the life of the
+ * scanner — Citizen incidents don't mutate after creation, so we only need to
+ * fetch each id once per session.
+ */
+class CitizenScanner(
+    private val store: DetectionStore,
+    private val locationProvider: LocationProvider,
+    private val client: CitizenClient = CitizenClient(),
+    private val proximityMeters: () -> Float = { 500f }
+) {
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val TAG = "CitizenScanner"
+        private const val POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000L
+        private const val MAX_AGE_MS = 30L * 60L * 1000L
+
+        /** Skip incidents whose title is purely fire/medical with no police implication. */
+        private val FIRE_MEDICAL_RX = Regex(
+            "\\b(fire|smoke|gas\\s+(odor|leak)|medical|cardiac|ambulance|" +
+                "ems|injury|alarm|odor)\\b",
+            RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE
+        )
+
+        /** Title contains an explicit police-action keyword → score bump. */
+        private val POLICE_TITLE_RX = Regex(
+            "\\b(police|officer|patrol|arrest|swat|tactical|raid|pursuit|" +
+                "stop|search\\s+warrant)\\b",
+            RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE
+        )
+    }
+
+    private var job: Job? = null
+    /** Detail cache for the lifetime of one start/stop cycle. */
+    private val incidentCache = mutableMapOf<String, CitizenClient.Incident>()
+
+    fun start(scope: CoroutineScope): Boolean {
+        if (job != null) return true
+        job = scope.launch {
+            while (isActive) {
+                val fix = locationProvider.location.value
+                if (fix != null) pollOnce(fix)
+                delay(POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+            }
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "CitizenScanner started (interval=${POLL_INTERVAL_MS}ms)")
+        return true
+    }
+
+    fun stop() {
+        job?.cancel()
+        job = null
+        incidentCache.clear()
+        Log.i(TAG, "CitizenScanner stopped")
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun pollOnce(fix: Location) {
+        when (val trending = client.trendingNear(fix.latitude, fix.longitude)) {
+            is CitizenClient.TrendingResult.Failed -> {
+                SourceHealth.record(
+                    DetectionSource.CITIZEN,
+                    ok = false,
+                    message = "Citizen unreachable: ${trending.reason}"
+                )
+                return
+            }
+            is CitizenClient.TrendingResult.Success -> {
+                SourceHealth.record(DetectionSource.CITIZEN, ok = true)
+                handleIds(fix, trending.ids)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun handleIds(fix: Location, ids: List<String>) {
+        // Drop cache entries that no longer appear in the trending list (resolved).
+        incidentCache.keys.retainAll(ids.toSet())
+
+        val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
+        val limit = proximityMeters()
+        val out = FloatArray(1)
+
+        for (id in ids) {
+            val incident = incidentCache[id] ?: client.fetchIncident(id)?.also {
+                incidentCache[id] = it
+            } ?: continue
+
+            // Title-based pre-filter: drop pure fire/medical events.
+            if (FIRE_MEDICAL_RX.containsMatchIn(incident.title) &&
+                !POLICE_TITLE_RX.containsMatchIn(incident.title)) {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            val age = now - incident.pubMillis
+            if (age > MAX_AGE_MS) continue
+            Location.distanceBetween(
+                fix.latitude, fix.longitude,
+                incident.lat, incident.lon,
+                out
+            )
+            val dist = out[0]
+            if (dist > limit) continue
+
+            val obs = ConfidenceEngine.CitizenObservation(
+                incidentId = incident.id,
+                distanceMeters = dist,
+                ageMs = age,
+                level = incident.level,
+                title = incident.title,
+                isPoliceTitled = POLICE_TITLE_RX.containsMatchIn(incident.title),
+                precinct = incident.precinct
+            )
+            val scored = ConfidenceEngine.scoreCitizen(obs)
+            store.submit(
+                DetectionEvent(
+                    source = DetectionSource.CITIZEN,
+                    key = "citizen:${incident.id}",
+                    label = scored.label,
+                    score = scored.score,
+                    matchedMethods = scored.methods,
+                    rssi = null
+                )
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/scan/DeflockClient.kt

@@ -5,31 +5,39 @@ import android.util.Log
 import java.io.File
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection
 import java.net.URL
+import java.net.URLEncoder
+import kotlin.math.floor
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
-import kotlin.math.floor
+import org.json.JSONObject
-import org.json.JSONArray
 
 /**
- * Fetches DeFlock ALPR tile data from the public CDN, with a 24h on-disk cache.
+ * Fetches DeFlock ALPR data from the Overpass API (matching the live deflock-app
+ * Flutter client). The earlier `cdn.deflock.me/regions/...json` path is now
+ * gated behind Cloudflare bot mitigation that we cannot pass from a mobile HTTP
+ * client.
  *
- * Tile scheme (from REFERENCES/deflock/serverless/alpr_cache):
+ * Strategy:
- *   tile_lat = floor(lat / 20) * 20
+ *  - POST an Overpass-QL query for `man_made=surveillance + surveillance:type=ALPR`
- *   tile_lon = floor(lon / 20) * 20
+ *    inside a small bbox around the user.
- *   url      = https://cdn.deflock.me/regions/{tile_lat}/{tile_lon}.json
+ *  - Try `overpass.deflock.org` first (less rate-limited for this use case),
- *   body     = JSON array of { id: number, lat: number, lon: number, tags: {…} }
+ *    fall back to public `overpass-api.de`.
- *
+ *  - Cache the JSON response on disk by 0.05° grid cell (24h TTL). Revisits to
- * 20° tiles → ≤16 tiles cover the entire globe; one user typically only ever touches one.
+ *    the same cell don't re-hit the API.
  */
 class DeflockClient(context: Context) {
 
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "DeflockClient"
-        private const val TILE_SIZE_DEG = 20
+        private const val FETCH_RADIUS_DEG = 0.05  // ~5.5 km half-width bbox
         private const val CACHE_TTL_MS = 24L * 60L * 60L * 1000L
-        private const val CDN_BASE = "https://cdn.deflock.me/regions"
         private const val USER_AGENT = "OVERWATCH/0.1 (+github.com/KaraZajac/OVERWATCH)"
-        private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000
+        private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000
+        private const val OVERPASS_QUERY_TIMEOUT_S = 25
+        private val ENDPOINTS = listOf(
+            "https://overpass.deflock.org/api/interpreter",
+            "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter"
+        )
     }
 
     data class AlprPoint(
@@ -40,63 +48,94 @@ class DeflockClient(context: Context) {
         val manufacturer: String? = null
     )
 
-    data class TileKey(val tileLat: Int, val tileLon: Int) {
+    /** Outcome of a fetch — distinguishes "no ALPRs in area" from "couldn't reach the API." */
-        fun fileName() = "deflock_${tileLat}_${tileLon}.json"
+    sealed class FetchResult {
+        data class Success(val points: List<AlprPoint>) : FetchResult()
+        data class Failed(val reason: String) : FetchResult()
     }
 
     private val cacheDir: File = File(context.cacheDir, "deflock").apply { mkdirs() }
 
-    fun tileFor(lat: Double, lon: Double): TileKey = TileKey(
+    suspend fun fetchAround(lat: Double, lon: Double): FetchResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-        tileLat = floor(lat / TILE_SIZE_DEG).toInt() * TILE_SIZE_DEG,
+        val key = cacheKeyFor(lat, lon)
-        tileLon = floor(lon / TILE_SIZE_DEG).toInt() * TILE_SIZE_DEG
+        val cached = cachedJson(key)
-    )
-
-    /** Returns parsed ALPR points for the tile; empty list on any failure (logged). */
-    suspend fun fetchTile(tile: TileKey): List<AlprPoint> = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-        val cached = cachedJson(tile)
         if (cached != null) {
-            return@withContext parseSafely(cached)
+            Log.d(TAG, "Cache hit for $key")
+            return@withContext FetchResult.Success(parseSafely(cached))
+        }
+        val south = lat - FETCH_RADIUS_DEG
+        val north = lat + FETCH_RADIUS_DEG
+        val west = lon - FETCH_RADIUS_DEG
+        val east = lon + FETCH_RADIUS_DEG
+        val query = buildQuery(south, west, north, east)
+        val (body, lastError) = downloadFromAny(query)
+        if (body == null) {
+            return@withContext FetchResult.Failed(lastError ?: "Network error")
         }
-        val downloaded = downloadTile(tile) ?: return@withContext emptyList()
         try {
-            File(cacheDir, tile.fileName()).writeText(downloaded)
+            File(cacheDir, "$key.json").writeText(body)
         } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to write tile cache for $tile: ${e.message}")
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to write cache for $key: ${e.message}")
         }
-        parseSafely(downloaded)
+        FetchResult.Success(parseSafely(body))
     }
 
-    private fun cachedJson(tile: TileKey): String? {
+    private fun cacheKeyFor(lat: Double, lon: Double): String {
-        val f = File(cacheDir, tile.fileName())
+        // 0.05° grid cell. Two consecutive points within the same cell get the
+        // same cache key, so micro-movements don't refetch.
+        val latStep = floor(lat / FETCH_RADIUS_DEG).toInt()
+        val lonStep = floor(lon / FETCH_RADIUS_DEG).toInt()
+        return "deflock_${latStep}_${lonStep}"
+    }
+
+    private fun cachedJson(key: String): String? {
+        val f = File(cacheDir, "$key.json")
         if (!f.exists()) return null
-        val age = System.currentTimeMillis() - f.lastModified()
+        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - f.lastModified() > CACHE_TTL_MS) return null
-        if (age > CACHE_TTL_MS) return null
         return try { f.readText() } catch (e: Exception) { null }
     }
 
-    private fun downloadTile(tile: TileKey): String? {
+    private fun buildQuery(south: Double, west: Double, north: Double, east: Double): String =
-        val url = URL("$CDN_BASE/${tile.tileLat}/${tile.tileLon}.json")
+        "[out:json][timeout:$OVERPASS_QUERY_TIMEOUT_S];" +
+            "(node[\"man_made\"=\"surveillance\"][\"surveillance:type\"=\"ALPR\"]" +
+            "($south,$west,$north,$east););out body;"
+
+    /** Try each endpoint in order until one returns 2xx. Returns body + last error message. */
+    private fun downloadFromAny(query: String): Pair<String?, String?> {
+        var lastError: String? = null
+        for (endpoint in ENDPOINTS) {
+            val (body, err) = postQuery(endpoint, query)
+            if (body != null) return body to null
+            lastError = err
+        }
+        return null to lastError
+    }
+
+    private fun postQuery(endpoint: String, query: String): Pair<String?, String?> {
+        val url = URL(endpoint)
         val conn = (url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection).apply {
             connectTimeout = TIMEOUT_MS
             readTimeout = TIMEOUT_MS
-            requestMethod = "GET"
+            requestMethod = "POST"
+            doOutput = true
             setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT)
+            setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
             setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json")
         }
         return try {
+            val payload = "data=" + URLEncoder.encode(query, "UTF-8")
+            conn.outputStream.use { it.write(payload.toByteArray()) }
             val code = conn.responseCode
-            if (code == 404) {
+            if (code in 200..299) {
-                Log.i(TAG, "Tile $tile not present on CDN (no ALPRs in this region)")
+                val body = conn.inputStream.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
-                ""  // cache the empty result by writing an empty string
+                body to null
-            } else if (code in 200..299) {
-                conn.inputStream.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
             } else {
-                Log.w(TAG, "CDN returned $code for $tile")
+                Log.w(TAG, "$endpoint returned $code")
-                null
+                null to "HTTP $code"
             }
         } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Download failed for $tile: ${e.message}")
+            Log.w(TAG, "$endpoint failed: ${e.message}")
-            null
+            null to (e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName)
         } finally {
             conn.disconnect()
         }
@@ -105,17 +144,19 @@ class DeflockClient(context: Context) {
     private fun parseSafely(json: String): List<AlprPoint> {
         if (json.isBlank()) return emptyList()
         return try {
-            val arr = JSONArray(json)
+            val root = JSONObject(json)
-            val out = ArrayList<AlprPoint>(arr.length())
+            val elements = root.optJSONArray("elements") ?: return emptyList()
-            for (i in 0 until arr.length()) {
+            val out = ArrayList<AlprPoint>(elements.length())
-                val o = arr.getJSONObject(i)
+            for (i in 0 until elements.length()) {
-                val lat = o.optDouble("lat")
+                val el = elements.optJSONObject(i) ?: continue
-                val lon = o.optDouble("lon")
+                if (el.optString("type") != "node") continue
+                val lat = el.optDouble("lat")
+                val lon = el.optDouble("lon")
                 if (lat.isNaN() || lon.isNaN()) continue
-                val tags = o.optJSONObject("tags")
+                val tags = el.optJSONObject("tags")
                 out.add(
                     AlprPoint(
-                        id = o.optLong("id", 0L),
+                        id = el.optLong("id", 0L),
                         lat = lat,
                         lon = lon,
                         operator = tags?.optString("operator")?.ifBlank { null }
@@ -129,7 +170,7 @@ class DeflockClient(context: Context) {
             }
             out
         } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to parse tile JSON: ${e.message}")
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to parse Overpass response: ${e.message}")
             emptyList()
         }
     }

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/scan/DeflockScanner.kt

@@ -11,17 +11,16 @@ import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.ConfidenceEngine
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionEvent
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionSource
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionStore
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.SourceHealth
 
 /**
  * DeFlock orchestrator.
  *
- * Subscribes to [LocationProvider]; for each new fix, looks up the matching 20° tile
+ * Subscribes to [LocationProvider]; when the user has moved more than
- * (loaded from [DeflockClient] cache or downloaded once / 24h) and submits a
+ * [REFETCH_THRESHOLD_M] from the last fetch center (or there is no last
- * detection event for every ALPR within [PROXIMITY_M].
+ * center), runs an Overpass query via [DeflockClient] for the surrounding
- *
+ * 5-km bbox. For each cached ALPR within [proximityMeters], submits a
- * Tile-boundary edge case: at lat ≈ tile_lat or lon ≈ tile_lon ±0.002°, ALPRs across
+ * detection event.
- * the boundary won't be visible until the user crosses it. Acceptable for v0.1 — a
- * 5-tile fetch (current + 4 neighbours) is a polish item.
  */
 class DeflockScanner(
     private val store: DetectionStore,
@@ -32,10 +31,12 @@ class DeflockScanner(
 
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "DeflockScanner"
+        private const val REFETCH_THRESHOLD_M = 1500f
     }
 
     private var job: Job? = null
-    private var lastTile: DeflockClient.TileKey? = null
+    private var lastFetchLat: Double? = null
+    private var lastFetchLon: Double? = null
     private var cachedPoints: List<DeflockClient.AlprPoint> = emptyList()
 
     fun start(scope: CoroutineScope): Boolean {
@@ -52,17 +53,36 @@ class DeflockScanner(
     fun stop() {
         job?.cancel()
         job = null
-        lastTile = null
+        lastFetchLat = null
+        lastFetchLon = null
         cachedPoints = emptyList()
         Log.i(TAG, "DeflockScanner stopped")
     }
 
     private suspend fun handleFix(fix: Location) {
-        val tile = client.tileFor(fix.latitude, fix.longitude)
+        if (shouldRefetch(fix)) {
-        if (tile != lastTile) {
+            when (val result = client.fetchAround(fix.latitude, fix.longitude)) {
-            cachedPoints = client.fetchTile(tile)
+                is DeflockClient.FetchResult.Success -> {
-            lastTile = tile
+                    cachedPoints = result.points
-            Log.i(TAG, "Loaded tile $tile with ${cachedPoints.size} ALPRs")
+                    lastFetchLat = fix.latitude
+                    lastFetchLon = fix.longitude
+                    SourceHealth.record(DetectionSource.DEFLOCK, ok = true)
+                    Log.i(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Loaded ${cachedPoints.size} ALPRs around " +
+                            "(${fix.latitude}, ${fix.longitude})"
+                    )
+                }
+                is DeflockClient.FetchResult.Failed -> {
+                    SourceHealth.record(
+                        DetectionSource.DEFLOCK,
+                        ok = false,
+                        message = "Overpass unreachable: ${result.reason}"
+                    )
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Overpass fetch failed: ${result.reason}")
+                    // Keep using cachedPoints (may be empty on first failure).
+                }
+            }
         }
         if (cachedPoints.isEmpty()) return
 
@@ -91,4 +111,12 @@ class DeflockScanner(
             )
         }
     }
+
+    private fun shouldRefetch(fix: Location): Boolean {
+        val lat = lastFetchLat ?: return true
+        val lon = lastFetchLon ?: return true
+        val out = FloatArray(1)
+        Location.distanceBetween(lat, lon, fix.latitude, fix.longitude, out)
+        return out[0] > REFETCH_THRESHOLD_M
+    }
 }

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/scan/WazeClient.kt

@@ -48,7 +48,13 @@ class WazeClient {
         val reportedBy: String?
     )
 
-    suspend fun fetchPoliceNear(lat: Double, lon: Double): List<Alert> = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+    /** Outcome — distinguishes "no police alerts in area" from "couldn't reach Waze." */
+    sealed class FetchResult {
+        data class Success(val alerts: List<Alert>) : FetchResult()
+        data class Failed(val reason: String) : FetchResult()
+    }
+
+    suspend fun fetchPoliceNear(lat: Double, lon: Double): FetchResult = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
         val top = lat + BBOX_HALF_DEG
         val bottom = lat - BBOX_HALF_DEG
         val left = lon - BBOX_HALF_DEG
@@ -67,15 +73,22 @@ class WazeClient {
         }
         try {
             val code = conn.responseCode
+            if (code == 403) {
+                // Waze added reCAPTCHA gating to live-map in 2025/2026; mobile
+                // clients can no longer hit this endpoint without browser-level
+                // automation. Surface this distinctly so the UI can say so.
+                Log.w(TAG, "Waze returned 403 (upstream reCAPTCHA gating)")
+                return@withContext FetchResult.Failed("Upstream blocked (HTTP 403)")
+            }
             if (code !in 200..299) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "Waze returned $code")
-                return@withContext emptyList()
+                return@withContext FetchResult.Failed("HTTP $code")
             }
             val body = conn.inputStream.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
-            parsePolice(body)
+            FetchResult.Success(parsePolice(body))
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Waze fetch failed: ${e.message}")
-            emptyList()
+            FetchResult.Failed(e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName)
         } finally {
             conn.disconnect()
         }

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/scan/WazeScanner.kt

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.ConfidenceEngine
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionEvent
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionSource
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionStore
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.SourceHealth
 
 /**
  * Polls Waze every 60s for live POLICE alerts in a small bounding box around the
@@ -59,7 +60,21 @@ class WazeScanner(
     }
 
     private suspend fun pollOnce(fix: Location) {
-        val alerts = client.fetchPoliceNear(fix.latitude, fix.longitude)
+        val result = client.fetchPoliceNear(fix.latitude, fix.longitude)
+        val alerts = when (result) {
+            is WazeClient.FetchResult.Success -> {
+                SourceHealth.record(DetectionSource.WAZE, ok = true)
+                result.alerts
+            }
+            is WazeClient.FetchResult.Failed -> {
+                SourceHealth.record(
+                    DetectionSource.WAZE,
+                    ok = false,
+                    message = "Waze unreachable: ${result.reason}"
+                )
+                return
+            }
+        }
         if (alerts.isEmpty()) return
         val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
         val limit = proximityMeters()

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/service/DetectionService.kt

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ import org.soulstone.overwatch.R
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.data.location.LocationProvider
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.data.settings.Settings
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionStore
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.SourceHealth
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.scan.BleScanner
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.scan.CitizenScanner
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.scan.DeflockClient
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.scan.DeflockScanner
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.scan.WazeScanner
@@ -79,11 +81,13 @@ class DetectionService : LifecycleService() {
     private lateinit var locationProvider: LocationProvider
     private lateinit var deflockScanner: DeflockScanner
     private lateinit var wazeScanner: WazeScanner
+    private lateinit var citizenScanner: CitizenScanner
     private var pruneJob: Job? = null
     private var bleStarted = false
     private var wifiStarted = false
     private var deflockStarted = false
     private var wazeStarted = false
+    private var citizenStarted = false
 
     override fun onCreate() {
         super.onCreate()
@@ -99,6 +103,10 @@ class DetectionService : LifecycleService() {
             store, locationProvider,
             proximityMeters = { settings.wazeProximityM.value.toFloat() }
         )
+        citizenScanner = CitizenScanner(
+            store, locationProvider,
+            proximityMeters = { settings.wazeProximityM.value.toFloat() }
+        )
         createNotificationChannel()
     }
 
@@ -116,6 +124,7 @@ class DetectionService : LifecycleService() {
 
     private fun beginScanning() {
         if (_running.value) return
+        SourceHealth.reset()
         startInForeground()
         if (settings.bleEnabled.value) {
             bleStarted = bleScanner.start()
@@ -125,7 +134,9 @@ class DetectionService : LifecycleService() {
             wifiStarted = wifiScanner.start(lifecycleScope)
             if (!wifiStarted) Log.w(TAG, "WifiScanner.start() returned false (permission/adapter)")
         }
-        val needsLocation = settings.deflockEnabled.value || settings.wazeEnabled.value
+        val needsLocation = settings.deflockEnabled.value ||
+            settings.wazeEnabled.value ||
+            settings.citizenEnabled.value
         if (needsLocation) {
             val locOk = locationProvider.start()
             if (!locOk) {
@@ -137,6 +148,9 @@ class DetectionService : LifecycleService() {
                 if (settings.wazeEnabled.value) {
                     wazeScanner.start(lifecycleScope); wazeStarted = true
                 }
+                if (settings.citizenEnabled.value) {
+                    citizenScanner.start(lifecycleScope); citizenStarted = true
+                }
             }
         }
         _running.value = true
@@ -155,8 +169,10 @@ class DetectionService : LifecycleService() {
         if (wifiStarted) { wifiScanner.stop(); wifiStarted = false }
         if (deflockStarted) { deflockScanner.stop(); deflockStarted = false }
         if (wazeStarted) { wazeScanner.stop(); wazeStarted = false }
+        if (citizenStarted) { citizenScanner.stop(); citizenStarted = false }
         locationProvider.stop()
         store.clear()
+        SourceHealth.reset()
         pruneJob?.cancel()
         pruneJob = null
         _running.value = false

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/ui/MainScreen.kt

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import androidx.compose.material3.ModalBottomSheet
 import androidx.compose.material3.Text
 import androidx.compose.material3.rememberModalBottomSheetState
 import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
+import androidx.compose.runtime.collectAsState
 import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
 import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
 import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ import androidx.compose.ui.unit.sp
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionEvent
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.DetectionSource
+import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.SourceHealth
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.fusion.ThreatLevel
 import org.soulstone.overwatch.ui.theme.ThreatColors
 
@@ -272,6 +274,9 @@ private fun SourcesPanel(events: List<DetectionEvent>) {
 
 @Composable
 private fun SourceRow(source: DetectionSource, events: List<DetectionEvent>) {
+    val health by SourceHealth.flowFor(source).collectAsState()
+    val unreachable = health.status == SourceHealth.Status.FAILED
+
     Card(
         modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
         colors = CardDefaults.cardColors(
@@ -294,6 +299,7 @@ private fun SourceRow(source: DetectionSource, events: List<DetectionEvent>) {
                 )
                 val maxScore = events.maxOfOrNull { it.score } ?: 0
                 val statusColor = when {
+                    unreachable -> MaterialTheme.colorScheme.onSurfaceVariant
                     maxScore >= ThreatLevel.RED.minScore -> ThreatColors.Red
                     maxScore >= ThreatLevel.ORANGE.minScore -> ThreatColors.Orange
                     maxScore >= ThreatLevel.YELLOW.minScore -> ThreatColors.Yellow
@@ -306,7 +312,15 @@ private fun SourceRow(source: DetectionSource, events: List<DetectionEvent>) {
                         .background(statusColor)
                 )
             }
-            if (events.isEmpty()) {
+            if (unreachable) {
+                Spacer(Modifier.height(4.dp))
+                Text(
+                    text = health.message ?: "Source unavailable",
+                    color = ThreatColors.Orange,
+                    fontSize = 11.sp,
+                    fontFamily = FontFamily.Monospace
+                )
+            } else if (events.isEmpty()) {
                 Spacer(Modifier.height(4.dp))
                 Text(
                     text = "no detections",

app/src/main/kotlin/org/soulstone/overwatch/ui/SettingsScreen.kt

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
     val wifi by settings.wifiEnabled.collectAsState()
     val deflock by settings.deflockEnabled.collectAsState()
     val waze by settings.wazeEnabled.collectAsState()
+    val citizen by settings.citizenEnabled.collectAsState()
     val deflockProx by settings.deflockProximityM.collectAsState()
     val wazeProx by settings.wazeProximityM.collectAsState()
     val theme by settings.themeMode.collectAsState()
@@ -76,8 +77,9 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
         SectionLabel("Detection sources")
         SourceToggle("BLE  •  Bluetooth Low Energy", ble) { settings.setBleEnabled(it) }
         SourceToggle("WIFI  •  WiFi BSSID + SSID", wifi) { settings.setWifiEnabled(it) }
-        SourceToggle("DEFLOCK  •  ALPR map (cdn.deflock.me)", deflock) { settings.setDeflockEnabled(it) }
+        SourceToggle("DEFLOCK  •  ALPR map (Overpass)", deflock) { settings.setDeflockEnabled(it) }
-        SourceToggle("WAZE  •  Live police reports", waze) { settings.setWazeEnabled(it) }
+        SourceToggle("WAZE  •  Live police reports (gated)", waze) { settings.setWazeEnabled(it) }
+        SourceToggle("CITIZEN  •  Real-time incident feed", citizen) { settings.setCitizenEnabled(it) }
         Spacer(Modifier.height(8.dp))
         if (isRunning) {
             Button(